This chapter describes the first six seals that are broken off of the scroll of human history, or Time. The very first thing to point out is that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, has authority over the destiny of man, as can be seen as Christ opens the seals.
Each of the first four seals releases a different horse and rider. The first horse is the white horse. Now the rider of this horse is Christ. We can see this when we look at Revelation 19:11: “And I [John] saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse, and He who sat on it is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He judges and wages war.” This leads to the next point: that this rider is not afraid to wage war; on the contrary, He carries a bow and sets out “conquering and to conquer.” He is also given a crown, which represents His royalty and authority, which reinforces the statement that this rider is Christ.
The next horse, the red horse “was granted to take peace from the earth….” He was given (an important word) a “great sword.” This horse has only one purpose: to cause war and tribulation “that men would slay one another….” The next horse, the black horse, was given a pair of scales. Now, these aren’t dragon scales or anything they’re a pair of these:
Now, this horse was given the power of famine, though in a strange way. One of the living creatures (from chapter four) said “‘A quart of wheat for a denarius, and three quarts of barley for a denarius; but do no damage the oil and the wine.’” So, the prices of wheat and barley (the main source of food for the Western World at the time of the Roman Empire) increase to insane amounts. A denarius was a day’s wages, and only getting a quart of wheat per day isn’t very much. So then, this would be inflation, and most people wouldn’t get enough to eat.
The last of the four horses, the ashen (or sickly pale) horse, had a rider who ”had the name Death; and Hades was following with him.” This rider, I believe is Satan. What’s important from this horse is that of all of this power – “Authority was given to them [Death and Hades, same principle person, like Christ and Messiah] over a fourth of the earth, to kill with sword and with famine and with pestilence and by the wild beasts of the earth.” – is not only given (I told you it was important), but it is limited. Only a fourth of the earth was given to this rider. And with that, once something is given, it can easily be taken away. This just proves that Satan is not all-powerful.
The fifth seal shows us that the saints (the followers of Christ) are sanctified. But more importantly than that, we can see that even through these seals, time is not yet complete: “until the number of their fellow servants and their brethren who were to be killed even as they had been, would be completed also.” With the breaking of the last seal, God displays His power through miraculous occurances of nature: “the sun became black as sackcloth,” and “the stars of the sky fell to the earth,” and “the sky was split apart like a scroll…,” and “every mountain and island were moved out of their places.” We can also see that men grow frightened of the terrific power of God. We can see as well, that none are able to stand the wrath of God (see verses 15-17).